A fastener is a mechanical device designed to join two or more components together, creating a stable connection capable of withstanding various applied stresses. Functionally, fasteners are critical elements in engineering across disciplines, ranging from structural construction to complex machinery. Common types include threaded fasteners, which utilize material deformation and rotational force to create a secure joint under tension or compression, and non-threaded fasteners, which rely on interlocking geometries or sheer force. The effective use of a fastener requires consideration of the materials involved, the operational load specifications, and the environmental conditions, such as temperature fluctuation or corrosive agents, which all dictate the appropriate design and material composition.