Extinction is defined as the permanent loss of a species from existence, representing a fundamental process in the history of life on Earth. The rate at which species become extinct is influenced by a variety of factors, including natural climatic shifts, geographical changes, and ecological interactions. While background rates of extinction have always existed, human activity has been shown to accelerate these rates significantly through processes such as habitat destruction, climate change, and the introduction of non-native species. The study of extinction patterns is critical to understanding the resilience of ecosystems and informing conservation strategies aimed at maintaining global biodiversity and the stability of life forms.