An experiment is a fundamental procedure in scientific inquiry designed to test a hypothesis by manipulating specific variables under controlled conditions. This process involves establishing a measurable relationship between an independent variable, which is intentionally altered, and a dependent variable, which is observed for change. By comparing results against a control group—which remains unchanged—the ability of the observed changes to be directly attributed to the manipulated variable can be evaluated. The systematic collection and analysis of data generated through these controlled tests allow for the formation, refinement, or rejection of scientific principles, providing empirical support for theoretical models.