The electromagnetic spectrum is the entire range of electromagnetic radiation, categorized by frequency and wavelength, encompassing all forms of energy propagating through space. This spectrum includes radio waves, which possess the longest wavelengths and lowest frequencies, extending through microwaves and infrared radiation, which is associated with thermal energy. Following this range are the visible wavelengths—the portion detectable by human sight—followed by ultraviolet, X-rays, and finally, gamma rays, which represent the shortest wavelengths and highest frequencies. Different regions of the spectrum are utilized for various scientific and technological applications, ranging from communication and thermal sensing to medical imaging and fundamental astrophysical studies.