Electricity generation is the process of converting various forms of primary energy into usable electrical current. The fundamental principle underlying most electrical generation is electromagnetic induction, wherein relative motion between a conductor and a magnetic field induces an electromotive force (voltage) and subsequently, an electrical current. This process typically involves converting an initial energy source—such as heat, mechanical power, or chemical energy—into mechanical work by a prime mover, such as a turbine or motor. The mechanical energy then rotates a generator, which consists of windings and magnets designed to harvest kinetic energy. Diverse energy sources dictate the input method; these sources include the controlled release of thermal energy from combustion or fission reactions, the harnessing of kinetic energy from moving fluids (water or gas), or the direct conversion of radiant energy captured by photovoltaic materials. The specific combination of energy source and conversion mechanism determines the resulting efficiency and environmental impact of the generated power.