An electric motor is a machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. Operationally, it functions based on the principles of electromagnetism, specifically the interaction between electric current and magnetic fields. When an electric current passes through a conductor placed within a magnetic field, a mechanical force—often described by the Lorentz force—is generated, causing the conductor to experience a rotational torque. Different designs utilize various magnetic configurations, such as permanent magnets or electromagnets, to produce continuous motion. The output power and torque are dependent on the input voltage, the current flow, and the strength and geometry of the magnetic fields established within the motor's physical components.