Drought is defined as a prolonged period of abnormally low precipitation, leading to significant water stress across ecological, agricultural, and hydrological systems. Scientifically, it can be characterized by deficits in moisture that cause measurable declines in surface water, groundwater levels, and atmospheric humidity. These conditions inhibit biological processes, leading to reduced primary productivity in vegetation and threatening freshwater ecosystems. Classification of drought can range from purely meteorological (a deficit in rainfall accumulation over a region) to agricultural (insufficient water resources for sustaining crops) or hydrological (a measurable depletion of reservoirs and aquifers). Managing the effects of drought requires understanding the underlying climatic patterns and developing strategies for efficient water conservation and resource allocation.