Domestication refers to the biological and genetic process through which wild populations of plants or animals are selectively bred and adapted for long-term interaction with human societies. This process results in profound physiological and behavioral divergence from the ancestral wild type. Key biological changes include modifications in metabolism, temperament, and reproductive cycles, allowing the species to thrive within altered environments. These adaptations are driven by persistent selection pressures, resulting in lineages optimized for traits beneficial to survival and utility alongside human habitation, fundamentally altering the organism's evolutionary trajectory.