Decomposition is a fundamental biogeochemical process through which complex organic materials, such as dead biomass and detritus, are broken down into simpler inorganic substances. This process is essential for nutrient cycling in nearly all terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, as it releases vital elements like carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus back into the environment. The breakdown is primarily mediated by decomposers, including various species of fungi and bacteria, which utilize specialized enzymes to consume organic polymers. This cycling function allows essential nutrients to become available for absorption by primary producers, thus supporting the sustained productivity and energy flow of an ecosystem.