A computer keyboard is a primary input peripheral device used to translate human intention into digital signals for a computing system. Functionally, it comprises an array of key mechanisms, each designed to register specific characters, commands, or control functions. Modern keyboards operate through various input technologies, including membrane switches, mechanical switches, and capacitive sensors, each utilizing different principles to detect the press of a key. When a key is activated, the mechanism completes an electrical circuit or generates a signal that is interpreted by the device's internal controller. This controller then converts the physical keystroke into a standardized digital code—such as a scan code—which is transmitted via a connection port to the host computer for processing by the operating system.