A comet is a celestial object composed of a nucleus of dust, frozen volatile gases, and rocky materials. These bodies follow highly elliptical orbits and are often scattered from the outer reaches of a stellar system. As a comet nears a star, solar heating causes the volatile components—such as water ice and carbon dioxide ice—to sublimate, releasing gas and forming a temporary, cloud-like atmosphere known as the coma. This ejected material, along with the resulting plasma, often creates a visible tail structure influenced by solar wind and the comet's passage through interplanetary space.