Color theory is the study of how color is perceived and utilized, drawing principles from physics, biology, and optics. Physically, color exists as a spectrum of visible electromagnetic radiation, with different hues corresponding to distinct wavelengths. The biological component involves how the human visual system detects these wavelengths, converting them into subjective color sensations through receptors in the eye. Scientifically, the theory models color relationships using concepts such as primary, secondary, and complementary colors, and distinguishes between additive models (like mixing light through RGB) and subtractive models (like pigment mixing). These principles of mixing, value, and saturation are fundamental to understanding display technology, artistic pigments, and the physiological interaction between light and the human eye.