The combustion of tobacco material generates a complex aerosol containing numerous volatile chemical compounds. The inhalation of this smoke introduces various toxicants, including nicotine, carbon monoxide, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, into the respiratory system. Physiologically, the chemicals irritate the mucous membranes and can be absorbed systemically, leading to chronic damage in multiple organ systems. Exposure to the compounds impairs the function of the alveolar sacs and contributes to systemic vascular inflammation. The cumulative toxicological effects of the smoke are associated with a wide spectrum of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases.