Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by persistent inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to irreversible airflow obstruction. The condition encompasses several pathologies, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema, which damage the delicate tissues of the lungs. Physiologically, COPD impairs gas exchange efficiency, causing progressive shortness of breath and difficulty breathing. Management of the disease focuses on mitigating exacerbations and optimizing respiratory function. Treatment strategies often involve bronchodilators to relax the airways, pulmonary rehabilitation to improve physical capacity, and avoiding environmental irritants to minimize further lung damage.