Chemotherapy is a medical treatment utilizing pharmaceutical agents designed to inhibit or kill rapidly dividing cells within the body. These drugs are systemic, meaning they circulate through the bloodstream to reach cells throughout the body, allowing them to target abnormal cell growth, most commonly associated with malignancy. The mechanism of action typically involves interfering with cellular metabolism, disrupting DNA replication, or impairing mitosis. Because many cancerous cells exhibit rapid division rates, they are susceptible to the cytotoxic effects of these agents. However, a primary challenge in the therapy is that these drugs can affect healthy, rapidly dividing cells in non-target tissues, necessitating careful dosing and monitoring to mitigate severe side effects.