Charcoal is a material formed by the pyrolysis of organic matter, such as wood or plant biomass, resulting in a carbon-rich structure. Its physical properties are dominated by its high porosity and vast internal surface area, which are key characteristics utilized in various scientific and industrial applications. Due to its crystalline carbon structure, the material exhibits strong adsorptive capacity, meaning it can trap and hold other molecules within its porous network. This property makes it effective for filtration processes in water treatment, air purification, and chemical separation. When properly treated, the adsorption capacity can be tailored to target specific compounds, making it a material of interest in environmental engineering and material science.