Celestial navigation is a method for determining geographical location by observing the apparent positions of stars, planets, or the Sun. The technique relies on fundamental principles of spherical trigonometry, which allows for the calculation of a ship's or observer's coordinates using measured angles and timekeeping. Historically, specialized instruments, such as the sextant and the octant, have been employed to measure the altitude and azimuth of these celestial bodies above the local horizon. By comparing these observational data points with mathematical tables detailing the ephemerides of the observed objects, a precise position fix can be determined relative to a known global grid system. This method remains a critical concept in geodesy and applied astronomy.