Cast iron is a type of iron alloy characterized by a high percentage of carbon, typically ranging between 2.5% and 4.5%. This composition gives the material specific physical properties, notably excellent heat retention and durability, but can also impart inherent brittleness. Because of its casting characteristics, the material can be molded into complex, rigid shapes. Historically and currently, it is utilized in applications ranging from cookware and industrial machinery components to structural supports. Its composition also grants it considerable resistance to corrosion, making it useful in various chemical and physical environments.