Capacitance is a fundamental electrical property representing a system's ability to store electric charge per unit of voltage difference. Mathematically, it is defined as the ratio of the charge stored ($Q$) to the potential difference ($V$) applied across the conductors forming the system, expressed as $C = Q/V$. The SI unit of capacitance is the farad (F). Capacitors are physical components designed to exploit this property, utilizing two parallel conductive plates separated by a dielectric material. These components are crucial in electrical circuits for tasks such as energy storage, voltage smoothing, frequency filtering, and timing operations, allowing for the controlled flow and management of electrical energy within a circuit.