Calcium ($\text{Ca}$) is an essential alkaline earth metal and a critical component of life processes across biological systems and industrial applications. Biologically, it is the most abundant mineral in the human body, forming the primary constituent of skeletal structures, including bones and teeth. Beyond structural support, calcium ions play a vital role in physiological functions such as muscle contraction, neurotransmitter release, blood coagulation, and maintaining cellular stability. Chemically, it forms various salts and compounds, notably calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate, which are utilized in material science for applications ranging from construction aggregate to specialized optical glass. Its stability and predictable chemical reactions make it valuable in numerous technological processes.