Bubonic plague is a severe infectious disease caused by the bacterium *Yersinia pestis*. The primary route of transmission involves bite vectors, typically fleas carried by wild rodents. Infection commonly manifests as buboes, which are swollen, painful lymph nodes located in the groin, armpit, or neck, resulting from the bacterial spread through the lymphatic system. Untreated, the infection can progress to pneumonic plague or septicemic plague, leading to systemic involvement and severe complications. Diagnosis and management rely on laboratory identification of the bacterium and the immediate administration of appropriate antimicrobial therapy to prevent advanced systemic decline.