A bone fracture is a break in the continuity of bone tissue, resulting from trauma such as falls, direct impact, or high-energy incidents. These injuries are classified by several criteria, including whether the skin is breached (open vs. closed) and the pattern of the break (e.g., transverse, oblique, or spiral). The physiological response to a fracture initiates a complex process of healing that involves inflammation, hematoma formation, and subsequent callus deposition. Proper management is crucial, as delayed or improper healing can lead to nonunion (failure to heal) or malunion (healing in an incorrect position). Treatment often involves immobilization, realignment, and, in severe cases, surgical intervention to restore mechanical stability and facilitate the return of bone integrity.