A bog is a type of wetland characterized by the accumulation of peat, which is partially decomposed plant material. These acidic, nutrient-poor environments develop primarily under conditions of poor drainage and anaerobic decomposition. Over time, the continuous buildup of peat creates deep organic layers, often classifying the system as a blanket bog or a raised bog, depending on its formation process. Because the conditions inhibit rapid decomposition, the bogs are known for their ability to preserve historical ecological records, including carbonized plant remains and fossilized biota. The chemical composition of the water and substrate is highly acidic, supporting unique flora and fauna adapted to these oligotrophic conditions.