The biosphere encompasses all parts of the Earth where life exists, representing the global ecological system. It is an intricate combination of the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and geosphere, supporting the vast diversity of life forms from microscopic organisms to complex terrestrial ecosystems. The functioning of the biosphere is governed by biogeochemical cycles, such as the carbon and nitrogen cycles, which facilitate the flow of energy and matter necessary for sustaining life. Maintaining the balance of the biosphere requires stable climatic conditions and the interconnected processes within its major components.