A bay is a coastal indentation, forming a semi-enclosed body of water that is connected to a larger body of water, such as an ocean or sea. These features are primarily formed through geological processes, including differential erosion, where softer rock material erodes more rapidly than surrounding, more resistant rock formations, leading to the characteristic curved shape. The physical characteristics of a bay are heavily influenced by local bathymetry, prevailing currents, and sediment deposition. These features can create unique ecosystems and tidal dynamics, often acting as transitional habitats that buffer coastal areas from the full force of open oceanic forces.