A ballista is an ancient mechanical weapon that utilizes stored potential energy, typically derived from torsion springs, to propel heavy projectiles over considerable distances. Mechanically, it consists of a robust frame designed to harness immense tension within twisted skeins or bundles of sinew or rope. The stored mechanical energy is released to launch a projectile from a rigid arm, enabling the weapon to achieve high velocity and significant range. While variations existed across different epochs, the fundamental principle involved the controlled release of tension force through a geared or levered mechanism to ensure consistent firing power. The complexity of the design necessitated skilled engineering and the use of durable, often exotic, materials to withstand the tremendous forces generated during operation.