An axle is a foundational mechanical component consisting of a rigid shaft used to transmit rotational motion and support associated mechanisms. Functionally, it acts as the central structural element connecting multiple components, such as wheels or gears, and is subjected to significant forces including torque, radial loads, and bending moments. The design and material selection of an axle are critical to its operational reliability, necessitating consideration of the applied stress limits and the dynamic loads it must endure. These shafts are engineered to maintain structural integrity while providing the necessary rotational framework for various mechanical systems across diverse technological applications.