Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the airways of the lungs, characterized by recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness. It is fundamentally linked to bronchial hyperreactivity, a condition where the airways become overly sensitive and narrow in response to various stimuli. The narrowing occurs due to inflammation, swelling, and the contraction of smooth muscles surrounding the bronchi. Triggers for asthma can be diverse, including common allergens, cold air, respiratory infections, or exercise. Management focuses on identifying and avoiding personal triggers, and involves the use of medications. These treatments are categorized into long-term control medications, which reduce chronic inflammation, and quick-relief medications, which are used during acute flare-ups to quickly open the airways.