Arthritis refers to a broad category of inflammatory conditions affecting the joints, characterized by pain, stiffness, and swelling. The underlying pathology involves inflammation of the synovium, the membrane lining the joints, which can lead to the gradual erosion of cartilage and bone over time. Different forms of the condition have distinct etiologies and mechanisms, ranging from autoimmune responses, where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks joint tissues, to mechanical wear and tear of the joint surfaces. Symptoms typically include pain that worsens with activity and improves with rest, alongside reduced range of motion. Management generally focuses on mitigating inflammation, maintaining joint function through physical therapy, and utilizing pharmacological interventions to manage pain and slow degenerative progression.