In materials science, armor refers to any material or system designed to provide physical protection and structural reinforcement against external forces, such as impact, abrasion, or penetration. Functionally, armor must absorb and disperse kinetic energy while maintaining structural integrity. Historically, armored materials range from organic substances, such as chitinous exoskeletons in invertebrates, to synthesized composite alloys and layered ceramic compounds. Modern applications involve sophisticated engineering, where materials are analyzed for specific properties—including tensile strength, hardness, and weight—to maximize defensive capability while minimizing bulk. Development in this field focuses on creating lighter, more resilient protective gear, utilizing advanced methods such as composite layering and metamaterials to manage stress distribution upon impact.