An arch is a structural element that utilizes compressive forces to transfer applied vertical loads horizontally and downward into supporting abutments. Its efficiency derives from the principle of converting bending moments into thrust, allowing the structure to withstand significant weight while utilizing geometric optimization. When a load is placed upon an arch, the geometry dictates that the forces within the structure follow a curved line, known as the line of thrust. Ideally, the resultant force acts along the arch's intrados, ensuring that the material experiences pure compression, which is the strongest mode for masonry and stone. The structural integrity depends critically on the abutments, which must be massive enough to absorb the horizontal thrust generated at the base, thereby preventing outward displacement and ensuring stability under load.