Anthrax is a significant bacterial infection caused by spores of *Bacillus anthracis*. These spores can survive in the environment for extended periods and are typically associated with the decomposition of infected animals. Infection manifests in several forms, including cutaneous anthrax, which usually presents as a skin lesion, inhalation anthrax, which is highly dangerous and affects the respiratory system, and gastrointestinal anthrax. Transmission primarily occurs through contact with infected animals or their products, though spores can become airborne. Diagnosis and treatment rely on identifying the causative bacterium and administering appropriate antimicrobial therapy, while prevention is achieved through vaccination and adherence to proper hygiene protocols regarding animal and soil exposure.