Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the gradual decline of cognitive function and memory loss. The underlying pathology involves the accumulation of amyloid-beta plaques and the formation of neurofibrillary tangles composed of hyperphosphorylated tau protein within the cerebral tissue. These pathological aggregates disrupt normal neuronal function and synaptic communication, leading to widespread damage and death of brain cells. As the condition advances, the impairment affects diverse cognitive domains, including the ability to reason, problem-solve, and perform daily self-care tasks, eventually causing significant functional decline.