Alkenes are a class of unsaturated hydrocarbons characterized by the presence of at least one carbon-carbon double bond ($\text{C=C}$). Structurally, the general formula for a simple, straight-chain alkene is $\text{C}_n\text{H}_{2n}$, where $n$ is the number of carbon atoms. This double bond contains a delocalized pi ($\pi$) bond in addition to the sigma ($\sigma$) bonds, making the molecule chemically reactive, particularly towards electrophilic addition reactions. These compounds are synthesized through methods such as the dehydration of alcohols or the dehydrohalogenation of alkyl halides. Due to their reactive nature and the potential for polymerization, alkenes are critical feedstocks in industrial chemistry, utilized in the production of various polymers, plastics, and synthetic rubbers.